What is Radiation Oncology?
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Radiation Oncology or also known as radiotherapy is a standard treatment method for cancer, along with surgery and chemotherapy. Currently, it is utilized to cure localized solid tumors like breast cancer, skin cancer and even cervical cancer ect. It may as well be utilized for lymphoma and leukemia treatment
Radiotherapy causes cancerous cells the inability to develop and multiply by ruining the DNA structure located in these cancerous cells. Radiation exposure is applied with the hope of eradicating the cancer and curing the disease. The procedure of radiotherapy itself is intended to target cancer cells, there is a possibility that healthy cells adjacent the tumor becoming affected by the exposure thus causing damages to these healthy cells. The basic technique of radiotherapy is to optimize tumor cell radiation exposure while minimizing the exposure to healthy cells. When healthy cells are exposed to radiation, it may cause several adverse effects. The progress and development radiotherapy is limited due to these negative side effects. Although, there are other types of radiotherapy which results in minimal harm to the healthy tissue surrounding the tumor since they are quite focused to the cancer. These types of sophisticated radiotherapy include proton therapy and Cyber Knife therapy.
Radiotherapy causes cancerous cells the inability to develop and multiply by ruining the DNA structure located in these cancerous cells. Radiation exposure is applied with the hope of eradicating the cancer and curing the disease. The procedure of radiotherapy itself is intended to target cancer cells, there is a possibility that healthy cells adjacent the tumor becoming affected by the exposure thus causing damages to these healthy cells. The basic technique of radiotherapy is to optimize tumor cell radiation exposure while minimizing the exposure to healthy cells. When healthy cells are exposed to radiation, it may cause several adverse effects. The progress and development radiotherapy is limited due to these negative side effects. Although, there are other types of radiotherapy which results in minimal harm to the healthy tissue surrounding the tumor since they are quite focused to the cancer. These types of sophisticated radiotherapy include proton therapy and Cyber Knife therapy.
The success of radiotherapy increases with the use of radiosensitizers and radioprotectors. Several substances that are rediosensitizers include green tea, curcumin, genistein and even hyperthermia. On the other hand, substances that are considered to be radioprotectors include glutathione, shark oil, whey protein, and ginseng. Radiotherapy is a very detailed and intricate procedure which requires thorough preparation since the success of radiotherapy also depends on specific drugs, technical approaches and nutritional supplements. These additional factors can help improving and even curing side effects brought forth by radiotherapy exposure.
Radiotherapy is included in a standard package protocol with surgery and chemotherapy since there isn’t any form of cancer therapy that can ultimately and successfully treat cancer patients with solid tumors. Another form of radiotherapy is ion radiation which forms ions when radiation travels through the affected tissue. Basically, ions are considered as atoms which obtain electrical charges when it loses or receives an electron. Subsequently, these ions can directly or indirectly cause cell damage and even genetic changes. These direct results include molecular structure changes of essential molecules such as the DNA.
Indirect results of radiotherapy happen when radiation reacts with water molecules located inside cells which produces highly reactive unstable free radicals. These free radicals immediately interact with bimolecular material located nearby. The subsequent damage will cause cell death initiated by two basic mechanisms. Firstly of all, is a process called apoptosis which can cause cell death in just several hours of radiation exposure. The second process causes disruption in cell division due to radiation exposure and subsequently blocks cellular proliferation leading to the death of cells. Located inside the cells are several non-enzymatic and enzymatic antioxidant mechanisms which manage further damage or destruction by scavenging reactive oxygen groups.
This information may be confusion for patients planning to undergo radiotherapy. It is wise to always consult a physician for further questions on any aspect of radiotherapy especially about its side effects. With enough knowledge and understanding about this treatment method, it is possible to undergo radiotherapy with ease and without any complications.
Radiotherapy is included in a standard package protocol with surgery and chemotherapy since there isn’t any form of cancer therapy that can ultimately and successfully treat cancer patients with solid tumors. Another form of radiotherapy is ion radiation which forms ions when radiation travels through the affected tissue. Basically, ions are considered as atoms which obtain electrical charges when it loses or receives an electron. Subsequently, these ions can directly or indirectly cause cell damage and even genetic changes. These direct results include molecular structure changes of essential molecules such as the DNA.
Indirect results of radiotherapy happen when radiation reacts with water molecules located inside cells which produces highly reactive unstable free radicals. These free radicals immediately interact with bimolecular material located nearby. The subsequent damage will cause cell death initiated by two basic mechanisms. Firstly of all, is a process called apoptosis which can cause cell death in just several hours of radiation exposure. The second process causes disruption in cell division due to radiation exposure and subsequently blocks cellular proliferation leading to the death of cells. Located inside the cells are several non-enzymatic and enzymatic antioxidant mechanisms which manage further damage or destruction by scavenging reactive oxygen groups.
This information may be confusion for patients planning to undergo radiotherapy. It is wise to always consult a physician for further questions on any aspect of radiotherapy especially about its side effects. With enough knowledge and understanding about this treatment method, it is possible to undergo radiotherapy with ease and without any complications.
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